graphene/LibOS/shim/include/shim_internal.h

/* -*- mode:c; c-file-style:"k&r"; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width:4; indent-tabs-mode:nil; mode:auto-fill; fill-column:78; -*- */
/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 et tw=78 fo=cqt wm=0: */

/* Copyright (C) 2014 Stony Brook University
   This file is part of Graphene Library OS.

   Graphene Library OS is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
   License, or (at your option) any later version.

   Graphene Library OS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/*
 * shim_internal.h
 */

#ifndef _SHIM_INTERNAL_H_
#define _SHIM_INTERNAL_H_

#ifndef IN_SHIM
#error "this header file can only be used inside SHIM"
#endif

#define attribute_hidden __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden")))

#define alias_str(name) #name

#define extern_alias(name) \
    extern __typeof(name) shim_##name __attribute ((alias (alias_str(name))))

#define static_always_inline static inline __attribute__((always_inline))

#include <shim_types.h>
#include <shim_defs.h>
#include <atomic.h>
#include <shim_tls.h>

/* important macros */
#define get_cur_tid()           (SHIM_GET_TLS()->tid)
#define PAL_NATIVE_ERRNO        (SHIM_GET_TLS()->pal_errno)

#define INTERNAL_TID_BASE       ((IDTYPE) 1 << (sizeof(IDTYPE) * 8 - 1))
#define IS_INTERNAL_TID(tid)    ((tid) >= INTERNAL_TID_BASE)
#define IS_INTERNAL(thread)     ((thread)->tid >= INTERNAL_TID_BASE)
#define TID_PRINTFMT

struct debug_buf {
    int start;
    int end;
    char buf[DEBUGBUF_SIZE];
};

# include <pal.h>
# include <pal_debug.h>
# include <pal_error.h>

extern PAL_HANDLE debug_handle;

# include <stdarg.h>

void debug_printf (const char * fmt, ...);
void debug_puts (const char * str);
void debug_putch (int ch);
void debug_vprintf (const char * fmt, va_list * ap);

# define VMID_PREFIX     "[P%05u] "
# define TID_PREFIX      "[%-6u] "
# define NOID_PREFIX     "[      ] "
# define debug(fmt, ...)                                                    \
    do {                                                                    \
        if (debug_handle)                                                   \
            debug_printf((fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);                             \
    } while (0)

/* print system messages */
#define SYSPRINT_BUFFER_SIZE    256

void handle_printf (PAL_HANDLE hdl, const char * fmt, ...);
void handle_vprintf (PAL_HANDLE hdl, const char * fmt, va_list * ap);

#define __sys_printf(fmt, ...)                                              \
    do {                                                                    \
        PAL_HANDLE _hdl = __open_shim_stdio();                              \
        if (_hdl)                                                           \
           handle_printf(_hdl, (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);                       \
    } while (0)

#define __sys_vprintf(fmt, va)                                              \
    do {                                                                    \
        PAL_HANDLE _hdl = __open_shim_stdio();                              \
        if (_hdl)                                                           \
            handle_vprintf(_hdl, (fmt), (va));                              \
    } while (0)


#define __sys_fprintf(hdl, fmt, ...)                                        \
    do {                                                                    \
        handle_printf((hdl), (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);                         \
    } while (0)

#define sys_printf(fmt, ...)                                                \
    do {                                                                    \
        master_lock();                                                      \
        __sys_printf((fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);                                 \
        master_unlock();                                                    \
    } while (0)

#define sys_fprintf(hdl, fmt, ...)                                          \
    do {                                                                    \
        master_lock();                                                      \
        __sys_fprintf((hdl), (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);                         \
        master_unlock();                                                    \
    } while (0)

extern PAL_HANDLE shim_stdio;

static inline PAL_HANDLE __open_shim_stdio (void)
{
    if (shim_stdio == (PAL_HANDLE) -1)
        return NULL;

    if (shim_stdio)
        return shim_stdio;

    shim_stdio = DkStreamOpen("dev:tty", PAL_ACCESS_RDWR, 0, 0, 0);

    if (!shim_stdio) {
        shim_stdio = (PAL_HANDLE) -1;
        return NULL;
    }

    return shim_stdio;
}

int shim_terminate (void);

/* assertions */
#define USE_PAUSE       0
#define USE_ASSERT      1

static inline void do_pause (void);

#if USE_PAUSE == 1
# define pause() do { do_pause(); } while (0)
#else
# define pause() do { asm volatile ("int $3"); } while (0)
#endif

#define bug()                                                               \
    do {                                                                    \
        __sys_printf("bug() " __FILE__ ":%d\n", __LINE__);                  \
        pause();                                                            \
        shim_terminate();                                                   \
    } while (0)

#if USE_ASSERT == 1
#include <assert.h>
#else
# define assert(test) do {} while (0)
#endif

#define DEBUG_HERE() \
    do { debug("%s (" __FILE__ ":%d)\n", __func__, __LINE__); } while (0)

/* definition for syscall table */
void handle_signal (bool delayed_only);
long convert_pal_errno (long err);

#define PAL_ERRNO  convert_pal_errno(PAL_NATIVE_ERRNO)

#define SHIM_ARG_TYPE long

#ifdef PROFILE
# define ENTER_TIME     SHIM_GET_TLS()->context.enter_time
# define BEGIN_SYSCALL_PROFILE()        \
    do { ENTER_TIME = GET_PROFILE_INTERVAL(); } while (0)
# define END_SYSCALL_PROFILE(name)      \
    do { unsigned long _interval = GET_PROFILE_INTERVAL();          \
         if (_interval - ENTER_TIME > 1000)                         \
             SAVE_PROFILE_INTERVAL_SET(syscall_##name##_slow, ENTER_TIME, _interval); \
         else                                                       \
             SAVE_PROFILE_INTERVAL_SET(syscall_##name, ENTER_TIME, _interval); \
         ENTER_TIME = 0; } while (0)
#else
# define BEGIN_SYSCALL_PROFILE()        do {} while (0)
# define END_SYSCALL_PROFILE(name)      do {} while (0)
#endif

void check_stack_hook (void);

static inline uint64_t get_cur_preempt (void) {
    shim_tcb_t* tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS();
    assert(tcb);
    return tcb->context.preempt;
}

#define BEGIN_SHIM(name, args ...)                          \
    SHIM_ARG_TYPE __shim_##name (args) {                    \
        SHIM_ARG_TYPE ret = 0;                              \
        uint64_t preempt = get_cur_preempt();               \
        /* handle_signal(true); */                          \
        /* check_stack_hook(); */                           \
        BEGIN_SYSCALL_PROFILE();

#define END_SHIM(name)                                      \
        END_SYSCALL_PROFILE(name);                          \
        handle_signal(false);                               \
        assert(preempt == get_cur_preempt());               \
        return ret;                                         \
    }

#define DEFINE_SHIM_SYSCALL(name, n, func, ...)             \
    DEFINE_PROFILE_INTERVAL(syscall_##name##_slow, syscall); \
    DEFINE_PROFILE_INTERVAL(syscall_##name, syscall);       \
    SHIM_SYSCALL_##n (name, func, __VA_ARGS__)              \
    EXPORT_SHIM_SYSCALL (name, n, __VA_ARGS__)

#define PROTO_ARGS_0() void
#define PROTO_ARGS_1(t, a) t a
#define PROTO_ARGS_2(t, a, rest ...) t a, PROTO_ARGS_1(rest)
#define PROTO_ARGS_3(t, a, rest ...) t a, PROTO_ARGS_2(rest)
#define PROTO_ARGS_4(t, a, rest ...) t a, PROTO_ARGS_3(rest)
#define PROTO_ARGS_5(t, a, rest ...) t a, PROTO_ARGS_4(rest)
#define PROTO_ARGS_6(t, a, rest ...) t a, PROTO_ARGS_5(rest)

#define CAST_ARGS_0()
#define CAST_ARGS_1(t, a) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a
#define CAST_ARGS_2(t, a, rest ...) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a, CAST_ARGS_1(rest)
#define CAST_ARGS_3(t, a, rest ...) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a, CAST_ARGS_2(rest)
#define CAST_ARGS_4(t, a, rest ...) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a, CAST_ARGS_3(rest)
#define CAST_ARGS_5(t, a, rest ...) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a, CAST_ARGS_4(rest)
#define CAST_ARGS_6(t, a, rest ...) (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) a, CAST_ARGS_5(rest)

#define DEFINE_SHIM_FUNC(func, n, r, args ...)             \
    r func (PROTO_ARGS_##n (args));

#define TYPE_HASH(t) ({ const char * _s = #t;              \
       ((uint16_t) _s[0] << 8) +  _s[1]; })

#define POINTER_TYPE(t) ({ int _h = TYPE_HASH(t);                   \
       _h == TYPE_HASH(void *) || _h == TYPE_HASH(char *) ||        \
       _h == TYPE_HASH(const); })

#define EXPORT_SHIM_SYSCALL(name, n, r, args ...)                   \
    r shim_##name (PROTO_ARGS_##n (args)) {                         \
        SHIM_ARG_TYPE ret =  __shim_##name (CAST_ARGS_##n (args));  \
        if (POINTER_TYPE(r)) {                                      \
            if ((unsigned long) ret >= -4095L) return (r) 0;        \
        } else {                                                    \
            if ((int) ret < 0) return (r) -1;                       \
        }                                                           \
        return (r) ret;                                             \
    }

#define PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, ...)                                   \
    if (debug_handle)                                               \
        parse_syscall_before(__NR_##name, #name, ##__VA_ARGS__);

#define PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, ...)                                   \
    if (debug_handle)                                               \
        parse_syscall_after(__NR_##name, #name, ##__VA_ARGS__);

void parse_syscall_before (int sysno, const char * name, int nr, ...);
void parse_syscall_after (int sysno, const char * name, int nr, ...);

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_0(name, func, r)                           \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, void)                                      \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 0);                                \
        r __ret = func();                                       \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 0, #r, __ret);                     \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                            \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_1(name, func, r, t1, a1)                               \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1)                                  \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 1, #t1, a1);                                   \
        r __ret = func(a1);                                                 \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 1, #r, __ret, #t1, a1);                        \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_2(name, func, r, t1, a1, t2, a2)                       \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2)            \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        t2 a2 = (t2) __arg2;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 2, #t1, a1, #t2, a2);                          \
        r __ret = func(a1, a2);                                             \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 2, #r, __ret, #t1, a1, #t2, a2);               \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_3(name, func, r, t1, a1, t2, a2, t3, a3)               \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg3)                                  \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        t2 a2 = (t2) __arg2;                                                \
        t3 a3 = (t3) __arg3;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 3, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3);                 \
        r __ret = func(a1, a2, a3);                                         \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 3, #r, __ret, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3);      \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_4(name, func, r, t1, a1, t2, a2, t3, a3, t4, a4)       \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg3, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg4)            \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        t2 a2 = (t2) __arg2;                                                \
        t3 a3 = (t3) __arg3;                                                \
        t4 a4 = (t4) __arg4;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 4, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3, #t4, a4);        \
        r __ret = func(a1, a2, a3, a4);                                     \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 4, #r, __ret, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3,       \
                       #t4, a4);                                            \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_5(name, func, r, t1, a1, t2, a2, t3, a3, t4, a4, t5, a5) \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg3, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg4,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg5)                                  \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        t2 a2 = (t2) __arg2;                                                \
        t3 a3 = (t3) __arg3;                                                \
        t4 a4 = (t4) __arg4;                                                \
        t5 a5 = (t5) __arg5;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 5, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3, #t4, a4,         \
                       #t5, a5);                                            \
        r __ret = func(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);                                 \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 5, #r, __ret, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3,       \
                       #t4, a4, #t5, a5);                                   \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_6(name, func, r, t1, a1, t2, a2, t3, a3, t4, a4, t5, a5, t6, a6) \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg3, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg4,            \
                     SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg5, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg6)            \
        t1 a1 = (t1) __arg1;                                                \
        t2 a2 = (t2) __arg2;                                                \
        t3 a3 = (t3) __arg3;                                                \
        t4 a4 = (t4) __arg4;                                                \
        t5 a5 = (t5) __arg5;                                                \
        t6 a6 = (t6) __arg6;                                                \
        PARSE_SYSCALL1(name, 6, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3, #t4, a4,         \
                       #t5, a5, #t6, a6);                                   \
        r __ret = func(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);                             \
        PARSE_SYSCALL2(name, 6, #r, __ret, #t1, a1, #t2, a2, #t3, a3,       \
                       #t4, a4, #t5, a5, #t6, a6);  \
        ret = (SHIM_ARG_TYPE) __ret;                                        \
    END_SHIM(name)

#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_0 void
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_1 SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg1
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_2 SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_1, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg2
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_3 SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_2, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg3
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_4 SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_3, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg4
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_5 SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_4, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg5
#define SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_6 SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_5, SHIM_ARG_TYPE __arg6

#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_1 __arg1
#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_2 SHIM_PASS_ARGS_1, __arg2
#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_3 SHIM_PASS_ARGS_2, __arg3
#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_4 SHIM_PASS_ARGS_3, __arg4
#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_5 SHIM_PASS_ARGS_4, __arg5
#define SHIM_PASS_ARGS_6 SHIM_PASS_ARGS_5, __arg6

#define DO_SYSCALL(...) DO_SYSCALL2(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DO_SYSCALL2(n, ...) -ENOSYS

#define DO_SYSCALL_0(sysno) -ENOSYS
#define DO_SYSCALL_1(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(1, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_1)
#define DO_SYSCALL_2(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(2, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_2)
#define DO_SYSCALL_3(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(3, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_3)
#define DO_SYSCALL_4(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(4, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_4)
#define DO_SYSCALL_5(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(5, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_5)
#define DO_SYSCALL_6(sysno, ...) DO_SYSCALL(6, sysno, SHIM_PASS_ARGS_6)

#define SHIM_SYSCALL_PASSTHROUGH(name, n, ...)                      \
    DEFINE_PROFILE_INTERVAL(syscall_##name##_slow, syscall);        \
    DEFINE_PROFILE_INTERVAL(syscall_##name, syscall);               \
    BEGIN_SHIM(name, SHIM_PROTO_ARGS_##n)                           \
        debug("WARNING: shim_" #name " not implemented\n");         \
        ret = DO_SYSCALL_##n(__NR_##name);                          \
    END_SHIM(name)                                                  \
    EXPORT_SHIM_SYSCALL(name, n, __VA_ARGS__)

#ifndef container_of
/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @field:	the name of the field within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, field) ((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offsetof(type, field)))
#endif


#define CONCAT2(t1, t2) __CONCAT2(t1, t2)
#define __CONCAT2(t1, t2) t1##_##t2

#define CONCAT3(t1, t2, t3) __CONCAT3(t1, t2, t3)
#define __CONCAT3(t1, t2, t3) t1##_##t2##_##t3

/* Some SHIM internal errno */
#define EISLINK          141    /* the path is a link */
#define ECONTAINLINK     142    /* part of path contains a link */
#define ENOTLINK         143    /* the path is not a link */
#define ESKIPPED         144    /* skip looking up current path */

#define PAL_CB(member)     (pal_control.member)

#define LOCK_FREE ((IDTYPE) -1)

extern bool lock_enabled;

static inline void enable_locking (void)
{
    if (!lock_enabled)
        lock_enabled = true;
}

static inline PAL_HANDLE thread_create (void * func, void * arg, int option)
{
    assert(lock_enabled);
    return DkThreadCreate(func, arg, option);
}

static inline void __disable_preempt (shim_tcb_t * tcb)
{
    //tcb->context.syscall_nr += SYSCALL_NR_PREEMPT_INC;
    /* Assert if this counter overflows */
    assert((tcb->context.preempt & ~SIGNAL_DELAYED) != ~SIGNAL_DELAYED);
    tcb->context.preempt++;
    //debug("disable preempt: %d\n", tcb->context.preempt & ~SIGNAL_DELAYED);
}

static inline void disable_preempt (shim_tcb_t * tcb)
{
    if (!tcb && !(tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS()))
        return;

    __disable_preempt(tcb);
}

static inline void __enable_preempt (shim_tcb_t * tcb)
{
    //tcb->context.syscall_nr -= SYSCALL_NR_PREEMPT_INC;
    /* Assert if this counter underflows */
    assert(tcb->context.preempt > 0);
    tcb->context.preempt--;
    //debug("enable preempt: %d\n", tcb->context.preempt & ~SIGNAL_DELAYED);
}

void __handle_signal (shim_tcb_t * tcb, int sig, ucontext_t * uc);

static inline void enable_preempt (shim_tcb_t * tcb)
{
    if (!tcb && !(tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS()))
        return;

    if (!(tcb->context.preempt & ~SIGNAL_DELAYED))
        return;

    if ((tcb->context.preempt & ~SIGNAL_DELAYED) == 1)
        __handle_signal(tcb, 0, NULL);

    __enable_preempt(tcb);
}

#define DEBUG_LOCK      0

#define lock_created(l)  ((l).lock != NULL)

#define clear_lock(l)  do { (l).lock = NULL; (l).owner = 0; } while (0)

#define create_lock(l)                          \
    do {                                        \
        (l).lock = DkMutexCreate(0);               \
        /* (l).owner = LOCK_FREE;               */ \
        /* (l).reowned = 0;                     */ \
    } while (0)

#define destroy_lock(l)                         \
    do {                                        \
        DkObjectClose((l).lock);                \
    } while (0)

#define try_create_lock(l)              \
    do { if (!lock_created(l)) create_lock(l); } while (0)

#if DEBUG_LOCK == 1
# define lock(l) __lock(&(l), #l, __FILE__, __LINE__)
static inline void __lock (LOCKTYPE * l,
                           const char * name, const char * file, int line)
#else
# define lock(l) __lock(&(l))
static inline void __lock (LOCKTYPE * l)
#endif
{
    if (!lock_enabled || !l->lock)
        return;

    shim_tcb_t * tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS();
    disable_preempt(tcb);

#if DEBUG_LOCK == 1
    debug("try lock(%s=%p) %s:%d\n", name, l, file, line);
#endif

    while (!DkObjectsWaitAny(1, &l->lock, NO_TIMEOUT));
    l->owner = tcb->tid;
#if DEBUG_LOCK == 1
    debug("lock(%s=%p) by %s:%d\n", name, l, file, line);
#endif
}

#if DEBUG_LOCK == 1
# define unlock(l) __unlock(&(l), #l, __FILE__, __LINE__)
static inline void __unlock (LOCKTYPE * l,
                             const char * name, const char * file, int line)
#else
# define unlock(l) __unlock(&(l))
static inline void __unlock (LOCKTYPE * l)
#endif
{
    if (!lock_enabled || !l->lock)
        return;

    shim_tcb_t * tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS();

#if DEBUG_LOCK == 1
    debug("unlock(%s=%p) %s:%d\n", name, l, file, line);
#endif

    l->owner = 0;
    DkMutexRelease(l->lock);
    enable_preempt(tcb);
}

static inline bool __locked (LOCKTYPE * l)
{
    if (!lock_enabled || !l->lock)
        return false;

    shim_tcb_t * tcb = SHIM_GET_TLS();
    return tcb->tid == l->owner;
}

#define locked(l) __locked(&(l))

#define DEBUG_MASTER_LOCK       0

extern LOCKTYPE __master_lock;

#if DEBUG_MASTER_LOCK == 1
# define master_lock()                                              \
    do {                                                            \
        lock(__master_lock);                                        \
        pal_printf("master lock " __FILE__ ":%d\n", __LINE__);       \
    } while (0)
# define master_unlock()                                            \
    do {                                                            \
        pal_printf("master unlock " __FILE__ ":%d\n", __LINE__);     \
        unlock(__master_lock);                                      \
    } while (0)
#else
# define master_lock() do { lock(__master_lock); } while (0)
# define master_unlock() do { unlock(__master_lock); } while (0)
#endif

static inline void create_lock_runtime (LOCKTYPE * l)
{
    if (!lock_created(*l)) {
        master_lock();
        if (!lock_created(*l))
            create_lock(*l);
        master_unlock();
    }
}

static inline void create_event (AEVENTTYPE * e)
{
    if (!e->event)
        e->event = DkStreamOpen("pipe:", PAL_ACCESS_RDWR, 0, 0,
                                PAL_OPTION_NONBLOCK);
}

#define event_created(e)    ((e)->event != NULL)

#define event_handle(e)     ((e)->event)

static inline void destroy_event (AEVENTTYPE * e)
{
    if (e->event) {
        DkObjectClose(e->event);
        e->event = NULL;
    }
}

static inline void set_event (AEVENTTYPE * e, int n)
{
    if (e->event) {
        char bytes[n];
        DkStreamWrite(e->event, 0, n, bytes, NULL);
    }
}

static inline void wait_event (AEVENTTYPE * e)
{
    if (e->event) {
        char byte;
        int n;
        do {
            if (!DkObjectsWaitAny(1, &e->event, NO_TIMEOUT))
                continue;

            n = DkStreamRead(e->event, 0, 1, &byte, NULL, 0);
        } while (!n);
    }
}

static inline void clear_event (AEVENTTYPE * e)
{
    if (e->event) {
        char bytes[100];
        int n;
        do {
            n = DkStreamRead(e->event, 0, 100, bytes, NULL, 0);
        } while (n == 100);
    }
}

static inline void do_pause (void)
{
    bool go = false;
    while (!go)
        DkThreadDelayExecution(60 * 60 * 1000000ULL);
}

/* reference counter APIs */
#define REF_GET(ref)            atomic_read(&ref)
#define REF_SET(ref, count)     atomic_set(&ref, count)

static inline int __ref_inc (REFTYPE * ref)
{
    register int _c;
    do {
        _c = atomic_read(ref);
        assert(_c >= 0);
    } while (atomic_cmpxchg(ref, _c, _c + 1) != _c);
    return _c + 1;
}

#define REF_INC(ref)  __ref_inc(&(ref))

static inline int __ref_dec (REFTYPE * ref)
{
    register int _c;
    do {
        _c = atomic_read(ref);
        if (!_c) {
            debug("Fail: Trying to drop reference count below 0\n");
            bug();
            return 0;
        }
    } while (atomic_cmpxchg(ref, _c, _c - 1) != _c);
    return _c - 1;
}

#define REF_DEC(ref) __ref_dec(&(ref))

/* interger hash functions */
static inline uint32_t hash32 (uint32_t key)
{
    key = ~key + (key << 15);
    key = key ^ (key >> 12);
    key = key + (key << 2);
    key = key ^ (key >> 4);
    key = (key + (key << 3)) + (key << 11);
    key = key ^ (key >> 16);
    return key;
}

static inline uint64_t hash64 (uint64_t key)
{
    key = (~key) + (key << 21);
    key = key ^ (key >> 24);
    key = (key + (key << 3)) + (key << 8);
    key = key ^ (key >> 14);
    key = (key + (key << 2)) + (key << 4);
    key = key ^ (key >> 28);
    key = key + (key << 31);
    return key;
}

#ifndef __alloca
# define __alloca __builtin_alloca
#endif

extern unsigned long allocsize;
extern unsigned long allocshift;
extern unsigned long allocmask;

void * __system_malloc (size_t size);
void __system_free (void * addr, size_t size);

#define system_malloc(size) __system_malloc(size)
#define system_free(addr, size) __system_free(addr, size)

extern void * migrated_memory_start;
extern void * migrated_memory_end;

#define MEMORY_MIGRATED(mem)                                    \
        ((void *) (mem) >= migrated_memory_start &&             \
         (void *) (mem) < migrated_memory_end)

extern void * __load_address, * __load_address_end;
extern void * __code_address, * __code_address_end;

int shim_clean (void);

unsigned long parse_int (const char * str);

extern void * initial_stack;
extern const char ** initial_envp;

#define ALIGNED(addr)   (!(((unsigned long) addr) & allocshift))
#define ALIGN_UP(addr)      \
    ((typeof(addr)) ((((unsigned long) addr) + allocshift) & allocmask))
#define ALIGN_DOWN(addr)    \
    ((typeof(addr)) (((unsigned long) addr) & allocmask))

#define switch_stack(stack_top)                                     \
    ({                                                              \
        void * _rsp, * _rbp;                                        \
        void * _stack = (stack_top);                                \
        asm volatile ("movq %%rsp, %0" : "=r"(_rsp) :: "memory");   \
        asm volatile ("movq %%rbp, %0" : "=r"(_rbp) :: "memory");   \
        _rsp = _stack - (_rbp - _rsp);                              \
        _rbp = _stack;                                              \
        asm volatile ("movq %0, %%rsp" :: "r"(_rsp) : "memory");    \
        asm volatile ("movq %0, %%rbp" :: "r"(_rbp) : "memory");    \
        asm volatile ("movq %%rbp, %0" : "=r"(_stack) :: "memory"); \
        _stack;                                                     \
    })

#define current_stack()                                             \
    ({                                                              \
        void * _rsp;                                                \
        asm volatile ("movq %%rsp, %0" : "=r"(_rsp) :: "memory");   \
        _rsp;                                                       \
    })

void get_brk_region (void ** start, void ** end, void ** current);

int init_randgen (void);
int reset_brk (void);
int init_brk_region (void * brk_region);
int init_heap (void);
int init_internal_map (void);
int init_loader (void);
int init_manifest (PAL_HANDLE manifest_handle);

bool test_user_memory (void * addr, size_t size, bool write);
bool test_user_string (const char * addr);

#endif /* _PAL_INTERNAL_H_ */