Merge branch 'ed25519_keygen_squashed'

Makefile.am

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ include src/include.am
 include doc/include.am
 include contrib/include.am
 
+export TESTING_TOR_BINARY
+
 EXTRA_DIST+= \
 	ChangeLog					\
 	INSTALL						\

changes/16679_16685_etc

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+  o Major features (relay, Ed25519):
+    - Significant improvements to the usability of relay-side Ed25519
+      key management. Log messages are better, and the code can
+      recover from far more failure conditions.  Thanks to "s7r" for
+      reporting and diagnosing so many of these!
+
+  o Major bugfixes (relay, Ed25519):
+    - Avoid crashing on 'tor --keygen'. Fixes bug 16679; bugfix on
+      0.2.7.2-alpha. Reported by "s7r".
+    - Improve handling of expired signing keys along with offline
+      master keys. Fixes bug 16685; bugfix on 0.2.7.2-alpha. Reported
+      by "s7r".

src/or/config.c

@@ -1918,6 +1918,8 @@ static const struct {
   { "--dump-config",          ARGUMENT_OPTIONAL },
   { "--list-fingerprint",     TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
   { "--keygen",               TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
+  { "--no-passphrase",        TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
+  { "--passphrase-fd",        ARGUMENT_NECESSARY },
   { "--verify-config",        TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
   { "--ignore-missing-torrc", TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
   { "--quiet",                TAKES_NO_ARGUMENT },
@@ -4498,6 +4500,43 @@ options_init_from_torrc(int argc, char **argv)
   retval = options_init_from_string(cf_defaults, cf, command, command_arg,
                                     &errmsg);
 
+  if (retval < 0)
+    goto err;
+
+  if (config_line_find(cmdline_only_options, "--no-passphrase")) {
+    if (command == CMD_KEYGEN) {
+      get_options_mutable()->keygen_force_passphrase = FORCE_PASSPHRASE_OFF;
+    } else {
+      log_err(LD_CONFIG, "--no-passphrase specified without --keygen!");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    const config_line_t *fd_line = config_line_find(cmdline_only_options,
+                                                    "--passphrase-fd");
+    if (fd_line) {
+      if (get_options()->keygen_force_passphrase == FORCE_PASSPHRASE_OFF) {
+        log_err(LD_CONFIG, "--no-passphrase specified with --passphrase-fd!");
+        exit(1);
+      } else if (command != CMD_KEYGEN) {
+        log_err(LD_CONFIG, "--passphrase-fd specified without --keygen!");
+        exit(1);
+      } else {
+        const char *v = fd_line->value;
+        int ok = 1;
+        long fd = tor_parse_long(v, 10, 0, INT_MAX, &ok, NULL);
+        if (fd < 0 || ok == 0) {
+          log_err(LD_CONFIG, "Invalid --passphrase-fd value %s", escaped(v));
+          exit(1);
+        }
+        get_options_mutable()->keygen_passphrase_fd = (int)fd;
+        get_options_mutable()->use_keygen_passphrase_fd = 1;
+        get_options_mutable()->keygen_force_passphrase = FORCE_PASSPHRASE_ON;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  err:
 
   tor_free(cf);

src/or/main.c

@@ -2057,7 +2057,7 @@ do_main_loop(void)
    * TLS context. */
   if (! client_identity_key_is_set()) {
     if (init_keys() < 0) {
-      log_err(LD_BUG,"Error initializing keys; exiting");
+      log_err(LD_OR, "Error initializing keys; exiting");
       return -1;
     }
   }
@@ -2916,7 +2916,7 @@ do_list_fingerprint(void)
   }
   tor_assert(nickname);
   if (init_keys() < 0) {
-    log_err(LD_BUG,"Error initializing keys; can't display fingerprint");
+    log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error initializing keys; exiting.");
     return -1;
   }
   if (!(k = get_server_identity_key())) {

src/or/or.h

@@ -4295,6 +4295,13 @@ typedef struct {
   /** How long before auth keys expire will we try to make a new one? */
   int TestingAuthKeySlop;
 
+  enum {
+    FORCE_PASSPHRASE_AUTO=0,
+    FORCE_PASSPHRASE_ON,
+    FORCE_PASSPHRASE_OFF
+  } keygen_force_passphrase;
+  int use_keygen_passphrase_fd;
+  int keygen_passphrase_fd;
 } or_options_t;
 
 /** Persistent state for an onion router, as saved to disk. */

src/or/routerkeys.c

@@ -11,6 +11,72 @@
 #define ENC_KEY_HEADER "Boxed Ed25519 key"
 #define ENC_KEY_TAG "master"
 
+static ssize_t
+do_getpass(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t buflen,
+           int twice, const or_options_t *options)
+{
+  if (options->keygen_force_passphrase == FORCE_PASSPHRASE_OFF) {
+    tor_assert(buflen);
+    buf[0] = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  char *prompt2 = NULL;
+  char *buf2 = NULL;
+  int fd = -1;
+  ssize_t length = -1;
+
+  if (options->use_keygen_passphrase_fd) {
+    twice = 0;
+    fd = options->keygen_passphrase_fd;
+    length = read_all(fd, buf, buflen-1, 0);
+    if (length >= 0)
+      buf[length] = 0;
+    goto done_reading;
+  }
+
+  if (twice) {
+    const char msg[] = "One more time:";
+    size_t p2len = strlen(prompt) + 1;
+    if (p2len < sizeof(msg))
+      p2len = sizeof(msg);
+    prompt2 = tor_malloc(strlen(prompt)+1);
+    memset(prompt2, ' ', p2len);
+    memcpy(prompt2 + p2len - sizeof(msg), msg, sizeof(msg));
+
+    buf2 = tor_malloc_zero(buflen);
+  }
+
+  while (1) {
+    length = tor_getpass(prompt, buf, buflen);
+    if (length < 0)
+      goto done_reading;
+
+    if (! twice)
+      break;
+
+    ssize_t length2 = tor_getpass(prompt2, buf2, buflen);
+
+    if (length != length2 || tor_memneq(buf, buf2, length)) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "That didn't match.\n");
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+ done_reading:
+  if (twice) {
+    tor_free(prompt2);
+    memwipe(buf2, 0, buflen);
+    tor_free(buf2);
+  }
+
+  if (options->keygen_force_passphrase == FORCE_PASSPHRASE_ON && length == 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  return length;
+}
+
 int
 read_encrypted_secret_key(ed25519_secret_key_t *out,
                           const char *fname)
@@ -41,12 +107,12 @@ read_encrypted_secret_key(ed25519_secret_key_t *out,
 
   while (1) {
     ssize_t pwlen =
-      tor_getpass("Enter pasphrase for master key:", pwbuf, sizeof(pwbuf));
+      do_getpass("Enter pasphrase for master key:", pwbuf, sizeof(pwbuf), 0,
+                 get_options());
     if (pwlen < 0) {
       saved_errno = EINVAL;
       goto done;
     }
-
     const int r = crypto_unpwbox(&secret, &secret_len,
                                  encrypted_key, encrypted_len,
                                  pwbuf, pwlen);
@@ -57,6 +123,7 @@ read_encrypted_secret_key(ed25519_secret_key_t *out,
     } else if (r == UNPWBOX_OKAY) {
       break;
     }
+
     /* Otherwise, passphrase is bad, so try again till user does ctrl-c or gets
      * it right. */
   }
@@ -87,22 +154,23 @@ write_encrypted_secret_key(const ed25519_secret_key_t *key,
                            const char *fname)
 {
   int r = -1;
-  char pwbuf0[256], pwbuf1[256];
+  char pwbuf0[256];
   uint8_t *encrypted_key = NULL;
   size_t encrypted_len = 0;
 
-  while (1) {
-    if (tor_getpass("Enter passphrase:", pwbuf0, sizeof(pwbuf0)) < 0)
-      return -1;
-    if (tor_getpass("   One more time:", pwbuf1, sizeof(pwbuf1)) < 0)
-      return -1;
+  if (do_getpass("Enter new passphrase:", pwbuf0, sizeof(pwbuf0), 1,
+                 get_options()) < 0) {
+    log_warn(LD_OR, "NO/failed passphrase");
+    return -1;
+  }
 
-    if (!strcmp(pwbuf0, pwbuf1))
-      break;
-    fprintf(stderr, "That didn't match.\n");
+  if (strlen(pwbuf0) == 0) {
+    if (get_options()->keygen_force_passphrase == FORCE_PASSPHRASE_ON)
+      return -1;
+    else
+      return 0;
   }
-  if (0 == strlen(pwbuf0))
-    return 0;
+
   if (crypto_pwbox(&encrypted_key, &encrypted_len,
                    key->seckey, sizeof(key->seckey),
                    pwbuf0, strlen(pwbuf0),  0) < 0) {
@@ -121,7 +189,6 @@ write_encrypted_secret_key(const ed25519_secret_key_t *key,
     tor_free(encrypted_key);
   }
   memwipe(pwbuf0, 0, sizeof(pwbuf0));
-  memwipe(pwbuf1, 0, sizeof(pwbuf1));
   return r;
 }
 
@@ -134,7 +201,9 @@ write_secret_key(const ed25519_secret_key_t *key, int encrypted,
   if (encrypted) {
     int r = write_encrypted_secret_key(key, encrypted_fname);
     if (r != 0)
-      return r;
+      return r; /* Either succeeded or failed unrecoverably */
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "Not encrypting the secret key.\n");
   }
   return ed25519_seckey_write_to_file(key, fname, fname_tag);
 }
@@ -175,7 +244,11 @@ write_secret_key(const ed25519_secret_key_t *key, int encrypted,
  * and consider encrypting any new secret key.
  *
  * If INIT_ED_KEY_NO_REPAIR is set, and there is any issue loading the keys
- * from disk _other than their absence_, we do not try to replace them.
+ * from disk _other than their absence_ (full or partial), we do not try to
+ * replace them.
+ *
+ * If INIT_ED_KEY_SUGGEST_KEYGEN is set, have log messages about failures
+ * refer to the --keygen option.
  */
 ed25519_keypair_t *
 ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
@@ -196,6 +269,7 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
   const int encrypt_key = !! (flags & INIT_ED_KEY_TRY_ENCRYPTED);
   const int norepair = !! (flags & INIT_ED_KEY_NO_REPAIR);
   const int split = !! (flags & INIT_ED_KEY_SPLIT);
+  const int omit_secret = !! (flags &  INIT_ED_KEY_OMIT_SECRET);
 
   /* we don't support setting both of these flags at once. */
   tor_assert((flags & (INIT_ED_KEY_NO_REPAIR|INIT_ED_KEY_NEEDCERT)) !=
@@ -215,8 +289,7 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
 
   /* Try to read the secret key. */
   int have_secret = 0;
-  if (try_to_load &&
-      !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_OMIT_SECRET)) {
+  if (try_to_load && (!omit_secret || file_status(public_fname)==FN_NOENT )) {
     int rv = ed25519_seckey_read_from_file(&keypair->seckey,
                                            &got_tag, secret_fname);
     if (rv == 0) {
@@ -232,18 +305,26 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
   }
 
   /* Should we try for an encrypted key? */
+  int have_encrypted_secret_file = 0;
   if (!have_secret && try_to_load && encrypt_key) {
     int r = read_encrypted_secret_key(&keypair->seckey,
                                       encrypted_secret_fname);
     if (r > 0) {
       have_secret = 1;
+      have_encrypted_secret_file = 1;
       got_tag = tor_strdup(tag);
       loaded_secret_fname = encrypted_secret_fname;
     } else if (errno != ENOENT && norepair) {
-      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Unable to read %s: %s", encrypted_secret_fname,
-              strerror(errno));
+      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Unable to read %s: %s",
+              encrypted_secret_fname, strerror(errno));
       goto err;
     }
+  } else {
+    if (try_to_load) {
+      /* Check if it's there anyway, so we don't replace it. */
+      if (file_status(encrypted_secret_fname) != FN_NOENT)
+        have_encrypted_secret_file = 1;
+    }
   }
 
   if (have_secret) {
@@ -259,10 +340,9 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
     }
   }
 
-  /* If it's absent and that's okay, or if we do split keys here, try to re
-   * the pubkey. */
+  /* If we do split keys here, try to read the pubkey. */
   int found_public = 0;
-  if ((!have_secret && try_to_load) || (have_secret && split)) {
+  if (try_to_load && (!have_secret || split)) {
     ed25519_public_key_t pubkey_tmp;
     tor_free(got_tag);
     found_public = ed25519_pubkey_read_from_file(&pubkey_tmp,
@@ -281,24 +361,75 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
         /* If we have a secret key and we're reloading the public key,
          * the key must match! */
         if (! ed25519_pubkey_eq(&keypair->pubkey, &pubkey_tmp)) {
-          tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "%s does not match %s!",
-                  public_fname, loaded_secret_fname);
+          tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "%s does not match %s!  If you are trying "
+                  "to restore from backup, make sure you didn't mix up the "
+                  "key files. If you are absolutely sure that %s is the right "
+                  "key for this relay, delete %s or move it out of the way.",
+                  public_fname, loaded_secret_fname,
+                  loaded_secret_fname, public_fname);
           goto err;
         }
       } else {
+        /* We only have the public key; better use that. */
         tor_assert(split);
         memcpy(&keypair->pubkey, &pubkey_tmp, sizeof(pubkey_tmp));
       }
+    } else {
+      /* We have no public key file, but we do have a secret key, make the
+       * public key file! */
+      if (have_secret) {
+        if (ed25519_pubkey_write_to_file(&keypair->pubkey, public_fname, tag)
+            < 0) {
+          tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Couldn't repair %s", public_fname);
+          goto err;
+        } else {
+          tor_log(LOG_NOTICE, LD_OR,
+                  "Found secret key but not %s. Regenerating.",
+                  public_fname);
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 
   /* If the secret key is absent and it's not allowed to be, fail. */
-  if (!have_secret && found_public && !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_MISSING_SECRET_OK))
+  if (!have_secret && found_public &&
+      !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_MISSING_SECRET_OK)) {
+    if (have_encrypted_secret_file) {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "We needed to load a secret key from %s, "
+              "but it was encrypted. Try 'tor --keygen' instead, so you "
+              "can enter the passphrase.",
+              secret_fname);
+    } else {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "We needed to load a secret key from %s, "
+              "but couldn't find it. %s", secret_fname,
+              (flags & INIT_ED_KEY_SUGGEST_KEYGEN) ?
+              "If you're keeping your master secret key offline, you will "
+              "need to run 'tor --keygen' to generate new signing keys." :
+              "Did you forget to copy it over when you copied the rest of the "
+              "signing key material?");
+    }
     goto err;
+  }
 
   /* If it's absent, and we're not supposed to make a new keypair, fail. */
-  if (!have_secret && !found_public && !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE))
+  if (!have_secret && !found_public && !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE)) {
+    if (split) {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "No key found in %s or %s.",
+              secret_fname, public_fname);
+    } else {
+      tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "No key found in %s.", secret_fname);
+    }
     goto err;
+  }
+
+  /* If the secret key is absent, but the encrypted key would be present,
+   * that's an error */
+  if (!have_secret && !found_public && have_encrypted_secret_file) {
+    tor_assert(!encrypt_key);
+    tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Found an encrypted secret key, "
+            "but not public key file %s!", public_fname);
+    goto err;
+  }
 
   /* if it's absent, make a new keypair and save it. */
   if (!have_secret && !found_public) {
@@ -371,8 +502,10 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
     goto done;
 
   /* If we didn't get a cert, and we're not supposed to make one, fail. */
-  if (!signing_key || !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE))
+  if (!signing_key || !(flags & INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE)) {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Without signing key, can't create certificate");
     goto err;
+  }
 
   /* We have keys but not a certificate, so make one. */
   uint32_t cert_flags = 0;
@@ -383,8 +516,10 @@ ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,
                          now, lifetime,
                          cert_flags);
 
-  if (! cert)
+  if (! cert) {
+    tor_log(severity, LD_OR, "Couldn't create certificate");
     goto err;
+  }
 
   /* Write it to disk. */
   created_cert = 1;
@@ -538,10 +673,26 @@ load_ed_keys(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
     need_new_signing_key ||
     EXPIRES_SOON(check_signing_cert, options->TestingSigningKeySlop);
 
+  if (need_new_signing_key) {
+    log_notice(LD_OR, "It looks like I need to generate and sign a new "
+               "medium-term signing key, because %s. To do that, I need to "
+               "load (or create) the permanent master identity key.",
+            (NULL == use_signing) ? "I don't have one" :
+            EXPIRES_SOON(check_signing_cert, 0) ? "the one I have is expired" :
+            "you asked me to make one with --keygen");
+  } else if (want_new_signing_key) {
+    log_notice(LD_OR, "It looks like I should try to generate and sign a "
+               "new medium-term signing key, because the one I have is "
+               "going to expire soon. To do that, I'm going to have to try to "
+               "load the permanent master identity key.");
+  }
+
   {
     uint32_t flags =
-      (INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE|INIT_ED_KEY_SPLIT|
+      (INIT_ED_KEY_SPLIT|
        INIT_ED_KEY_EXTRA_STRONG|INIT_ED_KEY_NO_REPAIR);
+    if (! use_signing)
+      flags |= INIT_ED_KEY_CREATE;
     if (! need_new_signing_key)
       flags |= INIT_ED_KEY_MISSING_SECRET_OK;
     if (! want_new_signing_key)
@@ -568,8 +719,27 @@ load_ed_keys(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
              flags,
              LOG_WARN, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
     tor_free(fname);
-    if (!id)
-      FAIL("Missing identity key");
+    if (!id) {
+      if (need_new_signing_key) {
+        FAIL("Missing identity key");
+      } else {
+        log_warn(LD_OR, "Master public key was absent; inferring from "
+                 "public key in signing certificate and saving to disk.");
+        tor_assert(check_signing_cert);
+        id = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(*id));
+        memcpy(&id->pubkey, &check_signing_cert->signing_key,
+               sizeof(ed25519_public_key_t));
+        fname = options_get_datadir_fname2(options, "keys",
+                                           "ed25519_master_id_public_key");
+        if (ed25519_pubkey_write_to_file(&id->pubkey, fname, "type0") < 0) {
+          log_warn(LD_OR, "Error while attempting to write master public key "
+                   "to disk");
+          tor_free(fname);
+          goto err;
+        }
+        tor_free(fname);
+      }
+    }
     if (tor_mem_is_zero((char*)id->seckey.seckey, sizeof(id->seckey)))
       sign_signing_key_with_id = NULL;
     else
@@ -628,6 +798,9 @@ load_ed_keys(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
    * it, if we loaded it in the first place. */
   memwipe(id->seckey.seckey, 0, sizeof(id->seckey));
 
+  if (options->command == CMD_KEYGEN)
+    goto end;
+
   if (!rsa_ed_crosscert && server_mode(options)) {
     uint8_t *crosscert;
     ssize_t crosscert_len = tor_make_rsa_ed25519_crosscert(&id->pubkey,
@@ -651,6 +824,7 @@ load_ed_keys(const or_options_t *options, time_t now)
 
   /* We've generated or loaded everything.  Put them in memory. */
 
+ end:
   if (! master_identity_key) {
     SET_KEY(master_identity_key, id);
   } else {

src/or/routerkeys.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define INIT_ED_KEY_OMIT_SECRET                 (1u<<7)
 #define INIT_ED_KEY_TRY_ENCRYPTED               (1u<<8)
 #define INIT_ED_KEY_NO_REPAIR                   (1u<<9)
+#define INIT_ED_KEY_SUGGEST_KEYGEN              (1u<<10)
 
 struct tor_cert_st;
 ed25519_keypair_t *ed_key_init_from_file(const char *fname, uint32_t flags,

src/test/include.am

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-TESTSCRIPTS = src/test/test_zero_length_keys.sh
+TESTSCRIPTS = src/test/test_zero_length_keys.sh src/test/test_keygen.sh
 
 if USEPYTHON
 TESTSCRIPTS += src/test/test_ntor.sh src/test/test_bt.sh

src/test/test_keygen.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Note: some of this code is lifted from zero_length_keys.sh, and could be
+# unified.
+
+umask 077
+set -e
+
+if [ $# -eq 0 ] || [ ! -f ${1} ] || [ ! -x ${1} ]; then
+  if [ "$TESTING_TOR_BINARY" = "" ] ; then
+    echo "Usage: ${0} PATH_TO_TOR [case-number]"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+  TOR_BINARY="${1}"
+  shift
+else
+  TOR_BINARY="${TESTING_TOR_BINARY}"
+fi
+
+
+
+  if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+      dflt=0
+  else
+      dflt=1
+  fi
+
+  CASE2A=$dflt
+  CASE2B=$dflt
+  CASE3A=$dflt
+  CASE3B=$dflt
+  CASE3C=$dflt
+  CASE4=$dflt
+  CASE5=$dflt
+  CASE6=$dflt
+  CASE7=$dflt
+  CASE8=$dflt
+  CASE9=$dflt
+  CASE10=$dflt
+
+  if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+     eval "CASE${1}"=1
+  fi
+
+
+die() { echo "$1" >&2 ; exit 5; }
+check_dir() { [ -d "$1" ] || die "$1 did not exist"; }
+check_file() { [ -e "$1" ] || die "$1 did not exist"; }
+check_no_file() { [ -e "$1" ] && die "$1 was not supposed to exist" || true; }
+check_files_eq() { cmp "$1" "$2" || die "$1 and $2 did not match"; }
+check_keys_eq() { check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/${1}" "${ME}/keys/${1}"; }
+
+DATA_DIR=`mktemp -d -t tor_keygen_tests.XXXXXX`
+if [ -z "$DATA_DIR" ]; then
+  echo "Failure: mktemp invocation returned empty string" >&2
+  exit 3
+fi
+if [ ! -d "$DATA_DIR" ]; then
+  echo "Failure: mktemp invocation result doesn't point to directory" >&2
+  exit 3
+fi
+trap "rm -rf '$DATA_DIR'" 0
+
+touch "${DATA_DIR}/empty_torrc"
+
+QUIETLY="--hush"
+TOR="${TOR_BINARY} ${QUIETLY} --DisableNetwork 1 --ShutdownWaitLength 0 --ORPort 12345 --ExitRelay 0 -f ${DATA_DIR}/empty_torrc"
+
+##### SETUP
+#
+# Here we create three sets of keys: one using "tor", one using "tor
+# --keygen", and one using "tor --keygen" and encryption.  We'll be
+# copying them into different keys directories in order to simulate
+# different kinds of configuration problems/issues.
+
+# Step 1: Start Tor with --list-fingerprint.  Make sure everything is there.
+mkdir "${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${DATA_DIR}/orig" --list-fingerprint > /dev/null
+
+check_dir "${DATA_DIR}/orig/keys"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/orig/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/orig/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/orig/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/orig/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+# Step 2: Start Tor with --keygen.  Make sure everything is there.
+mkdir "${DATA_DIR}/keygen"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${DATA_DIR}/keygen" --keygen --no-passphrase 2>"${DATA_DIR}/keygen/stderr"
+grep "Not encrypting the secret key" "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/stderr" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare that there would be no encryption"
+
+check_dir "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/keys"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/keygen/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+# Step 3: Start Tor with --keygen and a passphrase.
+#         Make sure everything is there.
+mkdir "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted"
+echo "passphrase" | ${TOR} --DataDirectory "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted" --keygen --passphrase-fd 0
+
+check_dir "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted/keys"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${DATA_DIR}/encrypted/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+
+echo "=== Starting tests."
+
+#
+# The "case X" numbers below come from s7r's email on
+#   https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-dev/2015-August/009204.html
+
+
+# Case 2a: Missing secret key, public key exists, start tor.
+
+if [ "$CASE2A" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case2a"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint > "${ME}/stdout" && die "Somehow succeeded when missing secret key, certs" || true
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+
+grep "We needed to load a secret key.*but couldn't find it" "${ME}/stdout" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare that it was missing a secret key"
+
+echo "==== Case 2A ok"
+fi
+
+# Case 2b: Encrypted secret key, public key exists, start tor.
+
+if [ "$CASE2B" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case2b"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/encrypted"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted" "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint > "${ME}/stdout" && dir "Somehow succeeded with encrypted secret key, missing certs"
+
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted"
+
+grep "We needed to load a secret key.*but it was encrypted.*--keygen" "${ME}/stdout" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare that it was missing a secret key and suggest --keygen."
+
+echo "==== Case 2B ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 3a: Start Tor with only master key.
+
+if [ "$CASE3A" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case3a"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_"* "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >/dev/null || die "Tor failed when starting with only master key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+echo "==== Case 3A ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 3b: Call keygen with only unencrypted master key.
+
+if [ "$CASE3B" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case3b"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_"* "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --keygen || die "Keygen failed with only master key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+echo "==== Case 3B ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 3c: Call keygen with only encrypted master key.
+
+if [ "$CASE3C" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case3c"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/encrypted"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_"* "${ME}/keys/"
+echo "passphrase" | ${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --keygen --passphrase-fd 0 || die "Keygen failed with only encrypted master key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_files_eq "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted" "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+echo "==== Case 3C ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 4: Make a new data directory with only an unencrypted secret key.
+#         Then start tor.  The rest should become correct.
+
+if [ "$CASE4" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case4"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint > "${ME}/fp1" || die "Tor wouldn't start with only unencrypted secret key"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint > "${ME}/fp2" || die "Tor wouldn't start again after starting once with only unencrypted secret key."
+
+check_files_eq "${ME}/fp1" "${ME}/fp2"
+
+echo "==== Case 4 ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 5: Make a new data directory with only an encrypted secret key.
+
+if [ "$CASE5" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case5"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/encrypted"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted" "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >"${ME}/stdout" && die "Tor started with only encrypted secret key!"
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+
+grep "but not public key file" "${ME}/stdout" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare it couldn't find a public key."
+
+echo "==== Case 5 ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 6: Make a new data directory with encrypted secret key and public key
+
+if [ "$CASE6" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case6"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/encrypted"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint > "${ME}/stdout" && die "Tor started with encrypted secret key and no certs" || true
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert"
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key"
+
+grep "but it was encrypted" "${ME}/stdout" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare that the secret key was encrypted."
+
+echo "==== Case 6 ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 7: Make a new data directory with unencrypted secret key and
+# certificates; missing master public.
+
+if [ "$CASE7" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case7"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/keygen"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >/dev/null || die "Failed when starting with missing public key"
+check_keys_eq ed25519_master_id_secret_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_master_id_public_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_secret_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_cert
+
+echo "==== Case 7 ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 8: offline master secret key.
+
+if [ "$CASE8" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case8"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/keygen"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >/dev/null || die "Failed when starting with offline secret key"
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_keys_eq ed25519_master_id_public_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_secret_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_cert
+
+echo "==== Case 8 ok"
+
+fi
+
+# Case 9: signing cert and secret key provided; could infer master key.
+
+if [ "$CASE9" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case9"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/keygen"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_cert" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_signing_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >/dev/null || die "Failed when starting with only signing material"
+check_no_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key"
+check_file "${ME}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key"
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_secret_key
+check_keys_eq ed25519_signing_cert
+
+echo "==== Case 9 ok"
+
+fi
+
+
+# Case 10: master key mismatch.
+
+if [ "$CASE10" = 1 ]; then
+
+ME="${DATA_DIR}/case10"
+SRC="${DATA_DIR}/keygen"
+OTHER="${DATA_DIR}/orig"
+
+mkdir -p "${ME}/keys"
+cp "${SRC}/keys/ed25519_master_id_public_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+cp "${OTHER}/keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" "${ME}/keys/"
+
+${TOR} --DataDirectory "${ME}" --list-fingerprint >"${ME}/stdout" && die "Successfully started with mismatched keys!?" || true
+
+grep "public_key does not match.*secret_key" "${ME}/stdout" >/dev/null || die "Tor didn't declare that there was a key mismatch"
+
+echo "==== Case 10 ok"
+
+fi
+
+
+# Check cert-only.
+